add circuitpython code

1 files changed, 859 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/circuitpython/shared-module/bitmaptools/__init__.c b/circuitpython/shared-module/bitmaptools/__init__.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c73d8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/circuitpython/shared-module/bitmaptools/__init__.c
@@ -0,0 +1,859 @@
+/*
+ * This file is part of the Micro Python project, http://micropython.org/
+ *
+ * The MIT License (MIT)
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 Kevin Matocha
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#include "shared-bindings/bitmaptools/__init__.h"
+#include "shared-bindings/displayio/Bitmap.h"
+#include "shared-bindings/displayio/Palette.h"
+#include "shared-bindings/displayio/ColorConverter.h"
+#include "shared-module/displayio/Bitmap.h"
+
+#include "py/mperrno.h"
+#include "py/runtime.h"
+#include "py/stream.h"
+
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+void common_hal_bitmaptools_rotozoom(displayio_bitmap_t *self, int16_t ox, int16_t oy,
+    int16_t dest_clip0_x, int16_t dest_clip0_y,
+    int16_t dest_clip1_x, int16_t dest_clip1_y,
+    displayio_bitmap_t *source, int16_t px, int16_t py,
+    int16_t source_clip0_x, int16_t source_clip0_y,
+    int16_t source_clip1_x, int16_t source_clip1_y,
+    mp_float_t angle,
+    mp_float_t scale,
+    uint32_t skip_index, bool skip_index_none) {
+
+    // Copies region from source to the destination bitmap, including rotation,
+    // scaling and clipping of either the source or destination regions
+    //
+    // *self: destination bitmap
+    // ox: the (ox, oy) destination point where the source (px,py) point is placed
+    // oy:
+    // dest_clip0: (x,y) is the corner of the clip window on the destination bitmap
+    // dest_clip1: (x,y) is the other corner of the clip window of the destination bitmap
+    // *source: the source bitmap
+    // px: the (px, py) point of rotation of the source bitmap
+    // py:
+    // source_clip0: (x,y) is the corner of the clip window on the source bitmap
+    // source_clip1: (x,y) is the other of the clip window on the source bitmap
+    // angle: angle of rotation in radians, positive is clockwise
+    // scale: scale factor
+    // skip_index: color index that should be ignored (and not copied over)
+    // skip_index_none: if skip_index_none is True, then all color indexes should be copied
+    //                                                     (that is, no color indexes should be skipped)
+
+
+    // Copy complete "source" bitmap into "self" bitmap at location x,y in the "self"
+    // Add a boolean to determine if all values are copied, or only if non-zero
+    // If skip_value is encountered in the source bitmap, it will not be copied.
+    // If skip_value is `None`, then all pixels are copied.
+
+
+    // # Credit from https://github.com/wernsey/bitmap
+    // # MIT License from
+    // #  * Copyright (c) 2017 Werner Stoop <wstoop@gmail.com>
+    // #
+    // # *
+    // # * #### `void bm_rotate_blit(Bitmap *dst, int ox, int oy, Bitmap *src, int px, int py, double angle, double scale);`
+    // # *
+    // # * Rotates a source bitmap `src` around a pivot point `px,py` and blits it onto a destination bitmap `dst`.
+    // # *
+    // # * The bitmap is positioned such that the point `px,py` on the source is at the offset `ox,oy` on the destination.
+    // # *
+    // # * The `angle` is clockwise, in radians. The bitmap is also scaled by the factor `scale`.
+    // #
+    // # void bm_rotate_blit(Bitmap *dst, int ox, int oy, Bitmap *src, int px, int py, double angle, double scale);
+
+
+    // #     /*
+    // #    Reference:
+    // #    "Fast Bitmap Rotation and Scaling" By Steven Mortimer, Dr Dobbs' Journal, July 01, 2001
+    // #    http://www.drdobbs.com/architecture-and-design/fast-bitmap-rotation-and-scaling/184416337
+    // #    See also http://www.efg2.com/Lab/ImageProcessing/RotateScanline.htm
+    // #    */
+
+
+    int16_t x,y;
+
+    int16_t minx = dest_clip1_x;
+    int16_t miny = dest_clip1_y;
+    int16_t maxx = dest_clip0_x;
+    int16_t maxy = dest_clip0_y;
+
+    mp_float_t sinAngle = MICROPY_FLOAT_C_FUN(sin)(angle);
+    mp_float_t cosAngle = MICROPY_FLOAT_C_FUN(cos)(angle);
+
+    mp_float_t dx, dy;
+
+    /* Compute the position of where each corner on the source bitmap
+    will be on the destination to get a bounding box for scanning */
+    dx = -cosAngle * px * scale + sinAngle * py * scale + ox;
+    dy = -sinAngle * px * scale - cosAngle * py * scale + oy;
+    if (dx < minx) {
+        minx = (int16_t)dx;
+    }
+    if (dx > maxx) {
+        maxx = (int16_t)dx;
+    }
+    if (dy < miny) {
+        miny = (int16_t)dy;
+    }
+    if (dy > maxy) {
+        maxy = (int16_t)dy;
+    }
+
+    dx = cosAngle * (source->width - px) * scale + sinAngle * py * scale + ox;
+    dy = sinAngle * (source->width - px) * scale - cosAngle * py * scale + oy;
+    if (dx < minx) {
+        minx = (int16_t)dx;
+    }
+    if (dx > maxx) {
+        maxx = (int16_t)dx;
+    }
+    if (dy < miny) {
+        miny = (int16_t)dy;
+    }
+    if (dy > maxy) {
+        maxy = (int16_t)dy;
+    }
+
+    dx = cosAngle * (source->width - px) * scale - sinAngle * (source->height - py) * scale + ox;
+    dy = sinAngle * (source->width - px) * scale + cosAngle * (source->height - py) * scale + oy;
+    if (dx < minx) {
+        minx = (int16_t)dx;
+    }
+    if (dx > maxx) {
+        maxx = (int16_t)dx;
+    }
+    if (dy < miny) {
+        miny = (int16_t)dy;
+    }
+    if (dy > maxy) {
+        maxy = (int16_t)dy;
+    }
+
+    dx = -cosAngle * px * scale - sinAngle * (source->height - py) * scale + ox;
+    dy = -sinAngle * px * scale + cosAngle * (source->height - py) * scale + oy;
+    if (dx < minx) {
+        minx = (int16_t)dx;
+    }
+    if (dx > maxx) {
+        maxx = (int16_t)dx;
+    }
+    if (dy < miny) {
+        miny = (int16_t)dy;
+    }
+    if (dy > maxy) {
+        maxy = (int16_t)dy;
+    }
+
+    /* Clipping */
+    if (minx < dest_clip0_x) {
+        minx = dest_clip0_x;
+    }
+    if (maxx > dest_clip1_x - 1) {
+        maxx = dest_clip1_x - 1;
+    }
+    if (miny < dest_clip0_y) {
+        miny = dest_clip0_y;
+    }
+    if (maxy > dest_clip1_y - 1) {
+        maxy = dest_clip1_y - 1;
+    }
+
+    mp_float_t dvCol = cosAngle / scale;
+    mp_float_t duCol = sinAngle / scale;
+
+    mp_float_t duRow = dvCol;
+    mp_float_t dvRow = -duCol;
+
+    mp_float_t startu = px - (ox * dvCol + oy * duCol);
+    mp_float_t startv = py - (ox * dvRow + oy * duRow);
+
+    mp_float_t rowu = startu + miny * duCol;
+    mp_float_t rowv = startv + miny * dvCol;
+
+    displayio_area_t dirty_area = {minx, miny, maxx + 1, maxy + 1, NULL};
+    displayio_bitmap_set_dirty_area(self, &dirty_area);
+
+    for (y = miny; y <= maxy; y++) {
+        mp_float_t u = rowu + minx * duRow;
+        mp_float_t v = rowv + minx * dvRow;
+        for (x = minx; x <= maxx; x++) {
+            if (u >= source_clip0_x && u < source_clip1_x && v >= source_clip0_y && v < source_clip1_y) {
+                uint32_t c = common_hal_displayio_bitmap_get_pixel(source, (int)u, (int)v);
+                if ((skip_index_none) || (c != skip_index)) {
+                    displayio_bitmap_write_pixel(self, x, y, c);
+                }
+            }
+            u += duRow;
+            v += dvRow;
+        }
+        rowu += duCol;
+        rowv += dvCol;
+    }
+}
+
+void common_hal_bitmaptools_fill_region(displayio_bitmap_t *destination,
+    int16_t x1, int16_t y1,
+    int16_t x2, int16_t y2,
+    uint32_t value) {
+    // writes the value (a bitmap color index) into a bitmap in the specified rectangular region
+    //
+    // input checks should ensure that x1 < x2 and y1 < y2 and are within the bitmap region
+
+    displayio_area_t area = { x1, y1, x2, y2, NULL };
+    displayio_area_canon(&area);
+
+    displayio_area_t bitmap_area = { 0, 0, destination->width, destination->height, NULL };
+    displayio_area_compute_overlap(&area, &bitmap_area, &area);
+
+    // update the dirty rectangle
+    displayio_bitmap_set_dirty_area(destination, &area);
+
+    int16_t x, y;
+    for (x = area.x1; x < area.x2; x++) {
+        for (y = area.y1; y < area.y2; y++) {
+            displayio_bitmap_write_pixel(destination, x, y, value);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void common_hal_bitmaptools_boundary_fill(displayio_bitmap_t *destination,
+    int16_t x, int16_t y,
+    uint32_t fill_color_value, uint32_t replaced_color_value) {
+
+    if (fill_color_value == replaced_color_value) {
+        // There is nothing to do
+        return;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t current_point_color_value;
+
+    // the list of points that we'll check
+    mp_obj_t fill_area = mp_obj_new_list(0, NULL);
+
+    // first point is the one user passed in
+    mp_obj_t point[] = { mp_obj_new_int(x), mp_obj_new_int(y) };
+    mp_obj_list_append(
+        fill_area,
+        mp_obj_new_tuple(2, point)
+        );
+
+    int16_t minx = x;
+    int16_t miny = y;
+    int16_t maxx = x;
+    int16_t maxy = y;
+
+    if (replaced_color_value == INT_MAX) {
+        current_point_color_value = common_hal_displayio_bitmap_get_pixel(
+            destination,
+            mp_obj_get_int(point[0]),
+            mp_obj_get_int(point[1]));
+        replaced_color_value = (uint32_t)current_point_color_value;
+    }
+
+    mp_obj_t *fill_points;
+    size_t list_length = 0;
+    mp_obj_list_get(fill_area, &list_length, &fill_points);
+
+    mp_obj_t current_point;
+
+    size_t tuple_len = 0;
+    mp_obj_t *tuple_items;
+
+    int cur_x, cur_y;
+
+    // while there are still points to check
+    while (list_length > 0) {
+        mp_obj_list_get(fill_area, &list_length, &fill_points);
+        current_point = mp_obj_list_pop(fill_area, 0);
+        mp_obj_tuple_get(current_point, &tuple_len, &tuple_items);
+        current_point_color_value = common_hal_displayio_bitmap_get_pixel(
+            destination,
+            mp_obj_get_int(tuple_items[0]),
+            mp_obj_get_int(tuple_items[1]));
+
+        // if the current point is not background color ignore it
+        if (current_point_color_value != replaced_color_value) {
+            mp_obj_list_get(fill_area, &list_length, &fill_points);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        cur_x = mp_obj_int_get_checked(tuple_items[0]);
+        cur_y = mp_obj_int_get_checked(tuple_items[1]);
+
+        if (cur_x < minx) {
+            minx = (int16_t)cur_x;
+        }
+        if (cur_x > maxx) {
+            maxx = (int16_t)cur_x;
+        }
+        if (cur_y < miny) {
+            miny = (int16_t)cur_y;
+        }
+        if (cur_y > maxy) {
+            maxy = (int16_t)cur_y;
+        }
+
+        // fill the current point with fill color
+        displayio_bitmap_write_pixel(
+            destination,
+            mp_obj_get_int(tuple_items[0]),
+            mp_obj_get_int(tuple_items[1]),
+            fill_color_value);
+
+        // add all 4 surrounding points to the list to check
+
+        // ignore points outside of the bitmap
+        if (mp_obj_int_get_checked(tuple_items[1]) - 1 >= 0) {
+            mp_obj_t above_point[] = {
+                tuple_items[0],
+                MP_OBJ_NEW_SMALL_INT(mp_obj_int_get_checked(tuple_items[1]) - 1)
+            };
+            mp_obj_list_append(
+                fill_area,
+                mp_obj_new_tuple(2, above_point));
+        }
+
+        // ignore points outside of the bitmap
+        if (mp_obj_int_get_checked(tuple_items[0]) - 1 >= 0) {
+            mp_obj_t left_point[] = {
+                MP_OBJ_NEW_SMALL_INT(mp_obj_int_get_checked(tuple_items[0]) - 1),
+                tuple_items[1]
+            };
+            mp_obj_list_append(
+                fill_area,
+                mp_obj_new_tuple(2, left_point));
+        }
+
+        // ignore points outside of the bitmap
+        if (mp_obj_int_get_checked(tuple_items[0]) + 1 < destination->width) {
+            mp_obj_t right_point[] = {
+                MP_OBJ_NEW_SMALL_INT(mp_obj_int_get_checked(tuple_items[0]) + 1),
+                tuple_items[1]
+            };
+            mp_obj_list_append(
+                fill_area,
+                mp_obj_new_tuple(2, right_point));
+        }
+
+        // ignore points outside of the bitmap
+        if (mp_obj_int_get_checked(tuple_items[1]) + 1 < destination->height) {
+            mp_obj_t below_point[] = {
+                tuple_items[0],
+                MP_OBJ_NEW_SMALL_INT(mp_obj_int_get_checked(tuple_items[1]) + 1)
+            };
+            mp_obj_list_append(
+                fill_area,
+                mp_obj_new_tuple(2, below_point));
+        }
+
+        mp_obj_list_get(fill_area, &list_length, &fill_points);
+    }
+
+    // set dirty the area so displayio will draw
+    displayio_area_t area = { minx, miny, maxx + 1, maxy + 1, NULL};
+    displayio_bitmap_set_dirty_area(destination, &area);
+
+}
+
+void common_hal_bitmaptools_draw_line(displayio_bitmap_t *destination,
+    int16_t x0, int16_t y0,
+    int16_t x1, int16_t y1,
+    uint32_t value) {
+
+    //
+    // adapted from Adafruit_CircuitPython_Display_Shapes.Polygon._line
+    //
+
+    // update the dirty rectangle
+    int16_t xbb0, xbb1, ybb0, ybb1;
+    if (x0 < x1) {
+        xbb0 = x0;
+        xbb1 = x1 + 1;
+    } else {
+        xbb0 = x1;
+        xbb1 = x0 + 1;
+    }
+    if (y0 < y1) {
+        ybb0 = y0;
+        ybb1 = y1 + 1;
+    } else {
+        ybb0 = y1;
+        ybb1 = y0 + 1;
+    }
+    displayio_area_t area = { xbb0, ybb0, xbb1, ybb1, NULL };
+    displayio_area_t bitmap_area = { 0, 0, destination->width, destination->height, NULL };
+    displayio_area_compute_overlap(&area, &bitmap_area, &area);
+
+    displayio_bitmap_set_dirty_area(destination, &area);
+
+    int16_t temp, x, y;
+
+    if (x0 == x1) { // vertical line
+        if (y0 > y1) { // ensure y1 > y0
+            temp = y0;
+            y0 = y1;
+            y1 = temp;
+        }
+        for (y = y0; y < (y1 + 1); y++) { // write a horizontal line
+            displayio_bitmap_write_pixel(destination, x0, y, value);
+        }
+    } else if (y0 == y1) { // horizontal line
+        if (x0 > x1) { // ensure y1 > y0
+            temp = x0;
+            x0 = x1;
+            x1 = temp;
+        }
+        for (x = x0; x < (x1 + 1); x++) { // write a horizontal line
+            displayio_bitmap_write_pixel(destination, x, y0, value);
+        }
+    } else {
+        bool steep;
+        steep = (abs(y1 - y0) > abs(x1 - x0));
+
+        if (steep) {   // flip x0<->y0 and x1<->y1
+            temp = x0;
+            x0 = y0;
+            y0 = temp;
+            temp = x1;
+            x1 = y1;
+            y1 = temp;
+        }
+
+        if (x0 > x1) { // flip x0<->x1 and y0<->y1
+            temp = x0;
+            x0 = x1;
+            x1 = temp;
+            temp = y0;
+            y0 = y1;
+            y1 = temp;
+        }
+
+        int16_t dx, dy, ystep;
+        dx = x1 - x0;
+        dy = abs(y1 - y0);
+
+        mp_float_t err = dx / 2;
+
+        if (y0 < y1) {
+            ystep = 1;
+        } else {
+            ystep = -1;
+        }
+
+        for (x = x0; x < (x1 + 1); x++) {
+            if (steep) {
+                displayio_bitmap_write_pixel(destination, y0, x, value);
+            } else {
+                displayio_bitmap_write_pixel(destination, x, y0, value);
+            }
+            err -= dy;
+            if (err < 0) {
+                y0 += ystep;
+                err += dx;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void common_hal_bitmaptools_arrayblit(displayio_bitmap_t *self, void *data, int element_size, int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, bool skip_specified, uint32_t skip_value) {
+    uint32_t mask = (1 << common_hal_displayio_bitmap_get_bits_per_value(self)) - 1;
+
+    for (int y = y1; y < y2; y++) {
+        for (int x = x1; x < x2; x++) {
+            uint32_t value;
+            switch (element_size) {
+                default:
+                case 1:
+                    value = *(uint8_t *)data;
+                    data = (void *)((uint8_t *)data + 1);
+                    break;
+                case 2:
+                    value = *(uint16_t *)data;
+                    data = (void *)((uint16_t *)data + 1);
+                    break;
+                case 4:
+                    value = *(uint32_t *)data;
+                    data = (void *)((uint32_t *)data + 1);
+                    break;
+            }
+            if (!skip_specified || value != skip_value) {
+                displayio_bitmap_write_pixel(self, x, y, value & mask);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    displayio_area_t area = { x1, y1, x2, y2, NULL };
+    displayio_bitmap_set_dirty_area(self, &area);
+}
+
+void common_hal_bitmaptools_readinto(displayio_bitmap_t *self, mp_obj_t *file, int element_size, int bits_per_pixel, bool reverse_pixels_in_element, bool swap_bytes, bool reverse_rows) {
+    uint32_t mask = (1 << common_hal_displayio_bitmap_get_bits_per_value(self)) - 1;
+
+    const mp_stream_p_t *file_proto = mp_get_stream_raise(file, MP_STREAM_OP_READ);
+
+    displayio_area_t a = {0, 0, self->width, self->height, NULL};
+    displayio_bitmap_set_dirty_area(self, &a);
+
+    size_t elements_per_row = (self->width * bits_per_pixel + element_size * 8 - 1) / (element_size * 8);
+    size_t rowsize = element_size * elements_per_row;
+    size_t rowsize_in_u32 = (rowsize + sizeof(uint32_t) - 1) / sizeof(uint32_t);
+    size_t rowsize_in_u16 = (rowsize + sizeof(uint16_t) - 1) / sizeof(uint16_t);
+
+    for (int y = 0; y < self->height; y++) {
+        uint32_t rowdata32[rowsize_in_u32];
+        uint16_t *rowdata16 = (uint16_t *)rowdata32;
+        uint8_t *rowdata8 = (uint8_t *)rowdata32;
+        const int y_draw = reverse_rows ? (self->height) - 1 - y : y;
+
+
+        int error = 0;
+        mp_uint_t bytes_read = file_proto->read(file, rowdata32, rowsize, &error);
+        if (error) {
+            mp_raise_OSError(error);
+        }
+        if (bytes_read != rowsize) {
+            mp_raise_msg(&mp_type_EOFError, NULL);
+        }
+
+        if (swap_bytes) {
+            switch (element_size) {
+                case 2:
+                    for (size_t i = 0; i < rowsize_in_u16; i++) {
+                        rowdata16[i] = __builtin_bswap16(rowdata16[i]);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case 4:
+                    for (size_t i = 0; i < rowsize_in_u32; i++) {
+                        rowdata32[i] = __builtin_bswap32(rowdata32[i]);
+                    }
+                default:
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (int x = 0; x < self->width; x++) {
+            int value = 0;
+            switch (bits_per_pixel) {
+                case 1: {
+                    int byte_offset = x / 8;
+                    int bit_offset = reverse_pixels_in_element ? (7 - x % 8) : x % 8;
+
+                    value = (rowdata8[byte_offset] >> bit_offset) & 1;
+                    break;
+                }
+                case 2: {
+                    int byte_offset = x / 4;
+                    int bit_offset = 2 * (reverse_pixels_in_element ? (3 - x % 4) : x % 4);
+
+                    value = (rowdata8[byte_offset] >> bit_offset) & 3;
+                    break;
+                }
+                case 4: {
+                    int byte_offset = x / 2;
+                    int bit_offset = 4 * (reverse_pixels_in_element ? (1 - x % 2) : x % 2);
+
+                    value = (rowdata8[byte_offset] >> bit_offset) & 0xf;
+                    break;
+                }
+                case 8:
+                    value = rowdata8[x];
+                    break;
+
+                case 16:
+                    value = rowdata16[x];
+                    break;
+
+                case 24:
+                    value = (rowdata8[x * 3] << 16) | (rowdata8[x * 3 + 1] << 8) | rowdata8[x * 3 + 2];
+                    break;
+
+                case 32:
+                    value = rowdata32[x];
+                    break;
+            }
+            displayio_bitmap_write_pixel(self, x, y_draw, value & mask);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint8_t count; // The number of items in terms[]
+    uint8_t mx; // the maximum of the absolute value of the dx values
+    uint8_t dl; // the scaled dither value applied to the pixel at distance [1,0]
+    struct { // dl is the scaled dither values applied to the pixel at [dx,dy]
+        int8_t dx, dy, dl;
+    } terms[];
+} bitmaptools_dither_algorithm_info_t;
+
+static bitmaptools_dither_algorithm_info_t atkinson = {
+    4, 2, 256 / 8, {
+        {2, 0, 256 / 8},
+        {-1, 1, 256 / 8},
+        {0, 1, 256 / 8},
+        {0, 2, 256 / 8},
+    }
+};
+
+static bitmaptools_dither_algorithm_info_t floyd_stenberg = {
+    3, 1, 7 * 256 / 16,
+    {
+        {-1, 1, 3 * 256 / 16},
+        {0, 1, 5 * 256 / 16},
+        {1, 1, 1 * 256 / 16},
+    }
+};
+
+bitmaptools_dither_algorithm_info_t *algorithms[] = {
+    [DITHER_ALGORITHM_ATKINSON] = &atkinson,
+    [DITHER_ALGORITHM_FLOYD_STENBERG] = &floyd_stenberg,
+};
+
+enum {
+    SWAP_BYTES = 1 << 0,
+    SWAP_RB = 1 << 1,
+};
+
+STATIC void fill_row(displayio_bitmap_t *bitmap, int swap, int16_t *luminance_data, int y, int mx) {
+    if (y >= bitmap->height) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // zero out padding area
+    for (int i = 0; i < mx; i++) {
+        luminance_data[-mx + i] = 0;
+        luminance_data[bitmap->width + i] = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (bitmap->bits_per_value == 8) {
+        uint8_t *pixel_data = (uint8_t *)(bitmap->data + bitmap->stride * y);
+        for (int x = 0; x < bitmap->width; x++) {
+            *luminance_data++ = *pixel_data++;
+        }
+    } else {
+        uint16_t *pixel_data = (uint16_t *)(bitmap->data + bitmap->stride * y);
+        for (int x = 0; x < bitmap->width; x++) {
+            uint16_t pixel = *pixel_data++;
+            if (swap & SWAP_BYTES) {
+                pixel = __builtin_bswap16(pixel);
+            }
+            int r = (pixel >> 8) & 0xf8;
+            int g = (pixel >> 3) & 0xfc;
+            int b = (pixel << 3) & 0xf8;
+
+            if (swap & SWAP_RB) {
+                uint8_t tmp = r;
+                r = b;
+                b = tmp;
+            }
+
+            // ideal coefficients are around .299, .587, .114 (according to
+            // ppmtopnm), this differs from the 'other' luma-converting
+            // function in circuitpython (why?)
+
+            // we correct for the fact that the input ranges are 0..0xf8 (or
+            // 0xfc) rather than 0x00..0xff
+            // Check: (0xf8 *  78 + 0xfc * 154 + 0xf8 * 29) // 256 == 255
+            *luminance_data++ = (r * 78 + g * 154 + b * 29) / 256;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void write_pixels(displayio_bitmap_t *bitmap, int y, bool *data) {
+    if (bitmap->bits_per_value == 1) {
+        uint32_t *pixel_data = (uint32_t *)(bitmap->data + bitmap->stride * y);
+        for (int i = 0; i < bitmap->stride; i++) {
+            uint32_t p = 0;
+            for (int j = 0; j < 32; j++) {
+                p = (p << 1);
+                if (*data++) {
+                    p |= 1;
+                }
+            }
+            *pixel_data++ = p;
+        }
+    } else {
+        uint16_t *pixel_data = (uint16_t *)(bitmap->data + bitmap->stride * y);
+        for (int i = 0; i < bitmap->width; i++) {
+            *pixel_data++ = *data++ ? 65535 : 0;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void common_hal_bitmaptools_dither(displayio_bitmap_t *dest_bitmap, displayio_bitmap_t *source_bitmap, displayio_colorspace_t colorspace, bitmaptools_dither_algorithm_t algorithm) {
+    int height = dest_bitmap->height, width = dest_bitmap->width;
+
+    int swap = 0;
+    if (colorspace == DISPLAYIO_COLORSPACE_RGB565_SWAPPED || colorspace == DISPLAYIO_COLORSPACE_BGR565_SWAPPED) {
+        swap |= SWAP_BYTES;
+    }
+    if (colorspace == DISPLAYIO_COLORSPACE_BGR565 || colorspace == DISPLAYIO_COLORSPACE_BGR565_SWAPPED) {
+        swap |= SWAP_RB;
+    }
+
+    bitmaptools_dither_algorithm_info_t *info = algorithms[algorithm];
+    // rowdata holds 3 rows of data.  Each one is larger than the input
+    // bitmap's width, beacuse `mx` extra pixels are allocated at the start and
+    // end of the row so that no conditionals are needed when storing the error data.
+    int16_t rowdata[(width + 2 * info->mx) * 3];
+    int16_t *rows[3] = {
+        rowdata + info->mx, rowdata + width + info->mx * 3, rowdata + 2 * width + info->mx * 5
+    };
+    // out holds one output row of pixels, and is padded to be a multiple of 32 so that the 1bpp storage loop can be simplified
+    bool out[(width + 31) / 32 * 32];
+
+    fill_row(source_bitmap, swap, rows[0], 0, info->mx);
+    fill_row(source_bitmap, swap, rows[1], 1, info->mx);
+    fill_row(source_bitmap, swap, rows[2], 2, info->mx);
+
+    int16_t err = 0;
+
+    for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
+
+        // Serpentine dither.  Going left-to-right...
+        for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
+            int32_t pixel_in = rows[0][x] + err;
+            bool pixel_out = pixel_in >= 128;
+            out[x] = pixel_out;
+
+            err = pixel_in - (pixel_out ? 255 : 0);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < info->count; i++) {
+                int x1 = x + info->terms[i].dx;
+                int dy = info->terms[i].dy;
+
+                rows[dy][x1] = ((info->terms[i].dl * err) / 256) + rows[dy][x1];
+            }
+            err = (err * info->dl) / 256;
+        }
+        write_pixels(dest_bitmap, y, out);
+
+        // Cycle the rows by shuffling pointers, this is faster than copying the data.
+        int16_t *tmp = rows[0];
+        rows[0] = rows[1];
+        rows[1] = rows[2];
+        rows[2] = tmp;
+
+        y++;
+        if (y == height) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        fill_row(source_bitmap, swap, rows[2], y + 2, info->mx);
+
+        // Serpentine dither.   Going right-to-left...
+        for (int x = width; x--;) {
+            int16_t pixel_in = rows[0][x] + err;
+            bool pixel_out = pixel_in >= 128;
+            out[x] = pixel_out;
+            err = pixel_in - (pixel_out ? 255 : 0);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < info->count; i++) {
+                int x1 = x - info->terms[i].dx;
+                int dy = info->terms[i].dy;
+
+                rows[dy][x1] = ((info->terms[i].dl * err) / 256) + rows[dy][x1];
+            }
+            err = (err * info->dl) / 256;
+        }
+        write_pixels(dest_bitmap, y, out);
+
+        tmp = rows[0];
+        rows[0] = rows[1];
+        rows[1] = rows[2];
+        rows[2] = tmp;
+
+        fill_row(source_bitmap, swap, rows[2], y + 3, info->mx);
+    }
+
+    displayio_area_t a = { 0, 0, width, height, NULL };
+    displayio_bitmap_set_dirty_area(dest_bitmap, &a);
+}
+
+void common_hal_bitmaptools_alphablend(displayio_bitmap_t *dest, displayio_bitmap_t *source1, displayio_bitmap_t *source2, displayio_colorspace_t colorspace, mp_float_t factor1, mp_float_t factor2) {
+    displayio_area_t a = {0, 0, dest->width, dest->height, NULL};
+    displayio_bitmap_set_dirty_area(dest, &a);
+
+    int ifactor1 = (int)(factor1 * 256);
+    int ifactor2 = (int)(factor2 * 256);
+
+    if (colorspace == DISPLAYIO_COLORSPACE_L8) {
+        for (int y = 0; y < dest->height; y++) {
+            uint8_t *dptr = (uint8_t *)(dest->data + y * dest->stride);
+            uint8_t *sptr1 = (uint8_t *)(source1->data + y * source1->stride);
+            uint8_t *sptr2 = (uint8_t *)(source2->data + y * source2->stride);
+            for (int x = 0; x < dest->width; x++) {
+                // This is round(l1*f1 + l2*f2) & clip to range in fixed-point
+                int pixel = (*sptr1++ *ifactor1 + *sptr2++ *ifactor2 + 128) / 256;
+                *dptr++ = MIN(255, MAX(0, pixel));
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        bool swap = (colorspace == DISPLAYIO_COLORSPACE_RGB565_SWAPPED) || (colorspace == DISPLAYIO_COLORSPACE_BGR565_SWAPPED);
+        for (int y = 0; y < dest->height; y++) {
+            uint16_t *dptr = (uint16_t *)(dest->data + y * dest->stride);
+            uint16_t *sptr1 = (uint16_t *)(source1->data + y * source1->stride);
+            uint16_t *sptr2 = (uint16_t *)(source2->data + y * source2->stride);
+            for (int x = 0; x < dest->width; x++) {
+                int spix1 = *sptr1++;
+                int spix2 = *sptr2++;
+
+                if (swap) {
+                    spix1 = __builtin_bswap16(spix1);
+                    spix2 = __builtin_bswap16(spix2);
+                }
+                const int r_mask = 0xf800; // (or b mask, if BGR)
+                const int g_mask = 0x07e0;
+                const int b_mask = 0x001f; // (or r mask, if BGR)
+
+                // This is round(r1*f1 + r2*f2) & clip to range in fixed-point
+                // but avoiding shifting it down to start at bit 0
+                int r = ((spix1 & r_mask) * ifactor1
+                    + (spix2 & r_mask) * ifactor2 + r_mask / 2) / 256;
+                r = MIN(r_mask, MAX(0, r)) & r_mask;
+
+                // ditto
+                int g = ((spix1 & g_mask) * ifactor1
+                    + (spix2 & g_mask) * ifactor2 + g_mask / 2) / 256;
+                g = MIN(g_mask, MAX(0, g)) & g_mask;
+
+                int b = ((spix1 & b_mask) * ifactor1
+                    + (spix2 & b_mask) * ifactor2 + b_mask / 2) / 256;
+                b = MIN(b_mask, MAX(0, b)) & b_mask;
+
+                uint16_t pixel = r | g | b;
+                if (swap) {
+                    pixel = __builtin_bswap16(pixel);
+                }
+                *dptr++ = pixel;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}