add circuitpython code

1 files changed, 937 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/circuitpython/py/emitbc.c b/circuitpython/py/emitbc.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8f7b1d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/circuitpython/py/emitbc.c
@@ -0,0 +1,937 @@
+/*
+ * This file is part of the MicroPython project, http://micropython.org/
+ *
+ * The MIT License (MIT)
+ *
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Damien P. George
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#include "py/mpstate.h"
+#include "py/emit.h"
+#include "py/bc0.h"
+
+#if MICROPY_ENABLE_COMPILER
+
+#define BYTES_FOR_INT ((MP_BYTES_PER_OBJ_WORD * 8 + 6) / 7)
+#define DUMMY_DATA_SIZE (BYTES_FOR_INT)
+
+struct _emit_t {
+    // Accessed as mp_obj_t, so must be aligned as such, and we rely on the
+    // memory allocator returning a suitably aligned pointer.
+    // Should work for cases when mp_obj_t is 64-bit on a 32-bit machine.
+    byte dummy_data[DUMMY_DATA_SIZE];
+
+    pass_kind_t pass : 8;
+    mp_uint_t last_emit_was_return_value : 8;
+
+    int stack_size;
+
+    scope_t *scope;
+
+    mp_uint_t last_source_line_offset;
+    mp_uint_t last_source_line;
+
+    mp_uint_t max_num_labels;
+    mp_uint_t *label_offsets;
+
+    size_t code_info_offset;
+    size_t code_info_size;
+    size_t bytecode_offset;
+    size_t bytecode_size;
+    byte *code_base; // stores both byte code and code info
+
+    size_t n_info;
+    size_t n_cell;
+
+    #if MICROPY_PERSISTENT_CODE
+    uint16_t ct_cur_obj;
+    uint16_t ct_num_obj;
+    uint16_t ct_cur_raw_code;
+    #endif
+    mp_uint_t *const_table;
+};
+
+emit_t *emit_bc_new(void) {
+    emit_t *emit = m_new0(emit_t, 1);
+    return emit;
+}
+
+void emit_bc_set_max_num_labels(emit_t *emit, mp_uint_t max_num_labels) {
+    emit->max_num_labels = max_num_labels;
+    emit->label_offsets = m_new(mp_uint_t, emit->max_num_labels);
+}
+
+void emit_bc_free(emit_t *emit) {
+    m_del(mp_uint_t, emit->label_offsets, emit->max_num_labels);
+    m_del_obj(emit_t, emit);
+}
+
+typedef byte *(*emit_allocator_t)(emit_t *emit, int nbytes);
+
+STATIC void emit_write_uint(emit_t *emit, emit_allocator_t allocator, mp_uint_t val) {
+    // We store each 7 bits in a separate byte, and that's how many bytes needed
+    byte buf[BYTES_FOR_INT];
+    byte *p = buf + sizeof(buf);
+    // We encode in little-ending order, but store in big-endian, to help decoding
+    do {
+        *--p = val & 0x7f;
+        val >>= 7;
+    } while (val != 0);
+    byte *c = allocator(emit, buf + sizeof(buf) - p);
+    while (p != buf + sizeof(buf) - 1) {
+        *c++ = *p++ | 0x80;
+    }
+    *c = *p;
+}
+
+// all functions must go through this one to emit code info
+STATIC byte *emit_get_cur_to_write_code_info(emit_t *emit, int num_bytes_to_write) {
+    if (emit->pass < MP_PASS_EMIT) {
+        emit->code_info_offset += num_bytes_to_write;
+        return emit->dummy_data;
+    } else {
+        assert(emit->code_info_offset + num_bytes_to_write <= emit->code_info_size);
+        byte *c = emit->code_base + emit->code_info_offset;
+        emit->code_info_offset += num_bytes_to_write;
+        return c;
+    }
+}
+
+STATIC void emit_write_code_info_byte(emit_t *emit, byte val) {
+    *emit_get_cur_to_write_code_info(emit, 1) = val;
+}
+
+STATIC void emit_write_code_info_qstr(emit_t *emit, qstr qst) {
+    #if MICROPY_PERSISTENT_CODE
+    assert((qst >> 16) == 0);
+    byte *c = emit_get_cur_to_write_code_info(emit, 2);
+    c[0] = qst;
+    c[1] = qst >> 8;
+    #else
+    emit_write_uint(emit, emit_get_cur_to_write_code_info, qst);
+    #endif
+}
+
+#if MICROPY_ENABLE_SOURCE_LINE
+STATIC void emit_write_code_info_bytes_lines(emit_t *emit, mp_uint_t bytes_to_skip, mp_uint_t lines_to_skip) {
+    assert(bytes_to_skip > 0 || lines_to_skip > 0);
+    while (bytes_to_skip > 0 || lines_to_skip > 0) {
+        mp_uint_t b, l;
+        if (lines_to_skip <= 6 || bytes_to_skip > 0xf) {
+            // use 0b0LLBBBBB encoding
+            b = MIN(bytes_to_skip, 0x1f);
+            if (b < bytes_to_skip) {
+                // we can't skip any lines until we skip all the bytes
+                l = 0;
+            } else {
+                l = MIN(lines_to_skip, 0x3);
+            }
+            *emit_get_cur_to_write_code_info(emit, 1) = b | (l << 5);
+        } else {
+            // use 0b1LLLBBBB 0bLLLLLLLL encoding (l's LSB in second byte)
+            b = MIN(bytes_to_skip, 0xf);
+            l = MIN(lines_to_skip, 0x7ff);
+            byte *ci = emit_get_cur_to_write_code_info(emit, 2);
+            ci[0] = 0x80 | b | ((l >> 4) & 0x70);
+            ci[1] = l;
+        }
+        bytes_to_skip -= b;
+        lines_to_skip -= l;
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+// all functions must go through this one to emit byte code
+STATIC byte *emit_get_cur_to_write_bytecode(emit_t *emit, int num_bytes_to_write) {
+    if (emit->pass < MP_PASS_EMIT) {
+        emit->bytecode_offset += num_bytes_to_write;
+        return emit->dummy_data;
+    } else {
+        assert(emit->bytecode_offset + num_bytes_to_write <= emit->bytecode_size);
+        byte *c = emit->code_base + emit->code_info_size + emit->bytecode_offset;
+        emit->bytecode_offset += num_bytes_to_write;
+        return c;
+    }
+}
+
+STATIC void emit_write_bytecode_raw_byte(emit_t *emit, byte b1) {
+    byte *c = emit_get_cur_to_write_bytecode(emit, 1);
+    c[0] = b1;
+}
+
+STATIC void emit_write_bytecode_byte(emit_t *emit, int stack_adj, byte b1) {
+    mp_emit_bc_adjust_stack_size(emit, stack_adj);
+    byte *c = emit_get_cur_to_write_bytecode(emit, 1);
+    c[0] = b1;
+}
+
+// Similar to emit_write_bytecode_uint(), just some extra handling to encode sign
+STATIC void emit_write_bytecode_byte_int(emit_t *emit, int stack_adj, byte b1, mp_int_t num) {
+    emit_write_bytecode_byte(emit, stack_adj, b1);
+
+    // We store each 7 bits in a separate byte, and that's how many bytes needed
+    byte buf[BYTES_FOR_INT];
+    byte *p = buf + sizeof(buf);
+    // We encode in little-ending order, but store in big-endian, to help decoding
+    do {
+        *--p = num & 0x7f;
+        num >>= 7;
+    } while (num != 0 && num != -1);
+    // Make sure that highest bit we stored (mask 0x40) matches sign
+    // of the number. If not, store extra byte just to encode sign
+    if (num == -1 && (*p & 0x40) == 0) {
+        *--p = 0x7f;
+    } else if (num == 0 && (*p & 0x40) != 0) {
+        *--p = 0;
+    }
+
+    byte *c = emit_get_cur_to_write_bytecode(emit, buf + sizeof(buf) - p);
+    while (p != buf + sizeof(buf) - 1) {
+        *c++ = *p++ | 0x80;
+    }
+    *c = *p;
+}
+
+STATIC void emit_write_bytecode_byte_uint(emit_t *emit, int stack_adj, byte b, mp_uint_t val) {
+    emit_write_bytecode_byte(emit, stack_adj, b);
+    emit_write_uint(emit, emit_get_cur_to_write_bytecode, val);
+}
+
+#if MICROPY_PERSISTENT_CODE
+STATIC void emit_write_bytecode_byte_const(emit_t *emit, int stack_adj, byte b, mp_uint_t n, mp_uint_t c) {
+    if (emit->pass == MP_PASS_EMIT) {
+        emit->const_table[n] = c;
+    }
+    emit_write_bytecode_byte_uint(emit, stack_adj, b, n);
+}
+#endif
+
+STATIC void emit_write_bytecode_byte_qstr(emit_t *emit, int stack_adj, byte b, qstr qst) {
+    #if MICROPY_PERSISTENT_CODE
+    assert((qst >> 16) == 0);
+    mp_emit_bc_adjust_stack_size(emit, stack_adj);
+    byte *c = emit_get_cur_to_write_bytecode(emit, 3);
+    c[0] = b;
+    c[1] = qst;
+    c[2] = qst >> 8;
+    #else
+    emit_write_bytecode_byte_uint(emit, stack_adj, b, qst);
+    #endif
+}
+
+STATIC void emit_write_bytecode_byte_obj(emit_t *emit, int stack_adj, byte b, mp_obj_t obj) {
+    #if MICROPY_PERSISTENT_CODE
+    emit_write_bytecode_byte_const(emit, stack_adj, b,
+        emit->scope->num_pos_args + emit->scope->num_kwonly_args
+        + emit->ct_cur_obj++, (mp_uint_t)obj);
+    #else
+    // aligns the pointer so it is friendly to GC
+    emit_write_bytecode_byte(emit, stack_adj, b);
+    emit->bytecode_offset = (size_t)MP_ALIGN(emit->bytecode_offset, sizeof(mp_obj_t));
+    mp_obj_t *c = (mp_obj_t *)emit_get_cur_to_write_bytecode(emit, sizeof(mp_obj_t));
+    // Verify thar c is already uint-aligned
+    assert(c == MP_ALIGN(c, sizeof(mp_obj_t)));
+    *c = obj;
+    #endif
+}
+
+STATIC void emit_write_bytecode_byte_raw_code(emit_t *emit, int stack_adj, byte b, mp_raw_code_t *rc) {
+    #if MICROPY_PERSISTENT_CODE
+    emit_write_bytecode_byte_const(emit, stack_adj, b,
+        emit->scope->num_pos_args + emit->scope->num_kwonly_args
+        + emit->ct_num_obj + emit->ct_cur_raw_code++, (mp_uint_t)(uintptr_t)rc);
+    #else
+    // aligns the pointer so it is friendly to GC
+    emit_write_bytecode_byte(emit, stack_adj, b);
+    emit->bytecode_offset = (size_t)MP_ALIGN(emit->bytecode_offset, sizeof(void *));
+    void **c = (void **)emit_get_cur_to_write_bytecode(emit, sizeof(void *));
+    // Verify thar c is already uint-aligned
+    assert(c == MP_ALIGN(c, sizeof(void *)));
+    *c = rc;
+    #endif
+    #if MICROPY_PY_SYS_SETTRACE
+    rc->line_of_definition = emit->last_source_line;
+    #endif
+}
+
+// unsigned labels are relative to ip following this instruction, stored as 16 bits
+STATIC void emit_write_bytecode_byte_unsigned_label(emit_t *emit, int stack_adj, byte b1, mp_uint_t label) {
+    mp_emit_bc_adjust_stack_size(emit, stack_adj);
+    mp_uint_t bytecode_offset;
+    if (emit->pass < MP_PASS_EMIT) {
+        bytecode_offset = 0;
+    } else {
+        bytecode_offset = emit->label_offsets[label] - emit->bytecode_offset - 3;
+    }
+    byte *c = emit_get_cur_to_write_bytecode(emit, 3);
+    c[0] = b1;
+    c[1] = bytecode_offset;
+    c[2] = bytecode_offset >> 8;
+}
+
+// signed labels are relative to ip following this instruction, stored as 16 bits, in excess
+STATIC void emit_write_bytecode_byte_signed_label(emit_t *emit, int stack_adj, byte b1, mp_uint_t label) {
+    mp_emit_bc_adjust_stack_size(emit, stack_adj);
+    int bytecode_offset;
+    if (emit->pass < MP_PASS_EMIT) {
+        bytecode_offset = 0;
+    } else {
+        bytecode_offset = emit->label_offsets[label] - emit->bytecode_offset - 3 + 0x8000;
+    }
+    byte *c = emit_get_cur_to_write_bytecode(emit, 3);
+    c[0] = b1;
+    c[1] = bytecode_offset;
+    c[2] = bytecode_offset >> 8;
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_start_pass(emit_t *emit, pass_kind_t pass, scope_t *scope) {
+    emit->pass = pass;
+    emit->stack_size = 0;
+    emit->last_emit_was_return_value = false;
+    emit->scope = scope;
+    emit->last_source_line_offset = 0;
+    emit->last_source_line = 1;
+    #ifndef NDEBUG
+    // With debugging enabled labels are checked for unique assignment
+    if (pass < MP_PASS_EMIT && emit->label_offsets != NULL) {
+        memset(emit->label_offsets, -1, emit->max_num_labels * sizeof(mp_uint_t));
+    }
+    #endif
+    emit->bytecode_offset = 0;
+    emit->code_info_offset = 0;
+
+    // Write local state size, exception stack size, scope flags and number of arguments
+    {
+        mp_uint_t n_state = scope->num_locals + scope->stack_size;
+        if (n_state == 0) {
+            // Need at least 1 entry in the state, in the case an exception is
+            // propagated through this function, the exception is returned in
+            // the highest slot in the state (fastn[0], see vm.c).
+            n_state = 1;
+        }
+        #if MICROPY_DEBUG_VM_STACK_OVERFLOW
+        // An extra slot in the stack is needed to detect VM stack overflow
+        n_state += 1;
+        #endif
+
+        size_t n_exc_stack = scope->exc_stack_size;
+        MP_BC_PRELUDE_SIG_ENCODE(n_state, n_exc_stack, scope, emit_write_code_info_byte, emit);
+    }
+
+    // Write number of cells and size of the source code info
+    if (pass >= MP_PASS_CODE_SIZE) {
+        MP_BC_PRELUDE_SIZE_ENCODE(emit->n_info, emit->n_cell, emit_write_code_info_byte, emit);
+    }
+
+    emit->n_info = emit->code_info_offset;
+
+    // Write the name and source file of this function.
+    emit_write_code_info_qstr(emit, scope->simple_name);
+    emit_write_code_info_qstr(emit, scope->source_file);
+
+    #if MICROPY_PERSISTENT_CODE
+    emit->ct_cur_obj = 0;
+    emit->ct_cur_raw_code = 0;
+    #endif
+
+    if (pass == MP_PASS_EMIT) {
+        // Write argument names (needed to resolve positional args passed as
+        // keywords).  We store them as full word-sized objects for efficient access
+        // in mp_setup_code_state this is the start of the prelude and is guaranteed
+        // to be aligned on a word boundary.
+
+        // For a given argument position (indexed by i) we need to find the
+        // corresponding id_info which is a parameter, as it has the correct
+        // qstr name to use as the argument name.  Note that it's not a simple
+        // 1-1 mapping (ie i!=j in general) because of possible closed-over
+        // variables.  In the case that the argument i has no corresponding
+        // parameter we use "*" as its name (since no argument can ever be named
+        // "*").  We could use a blank qstr but "*" is better for debugging.
+        // Note: there is some wasted RAM here for the case of storing a qstr
+        // for each closed-over variable, and maybe there is a better way to do
+        // it, but that would require changes to mp_setup_code_state.
+        for (int i = 0; i < scope->num_pos_args + scope->num_kwonly_args; i++) {
+            qstr qst = MP_QSTR__star_;
+            for (int j = 0; j < scope->id_info_len; ++j) {
+                id_info_t *id = &scope->id_info[j];
+                if ((id->flags & ID_FLAG_IS_PARAM) && id->local_num == i) {
+                    qst = id->qst;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            emit->const_table[i] = (mp_uint_t)MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(qst);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_end_pass(emit_t *emit) {
+    if (emit->pass == MP_PASS_SCOPE) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // check stack is back to zero size
+    assert(emit->stack_size == 0);
+
+    emit_write_code_info_byte(emit, 0); // end of line number info
+
+    // Calculate size of source code info section
+    emit->n_info = emit->code_info_offset - emit->n_info;
+
+    // Emit closure section of prelude
+    emit->n_cell = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < emit->scope->id_info_len; ++i) {
+        id_info_t *id = &emit->scope->id_info[i];
+        if (id->kind == ID_INFO_KIND_CELL) {
+            assert(id->local_num <= 255);
+            emit_write_code_info_byte(emit, id->local_num); // write the local which should be converted to a cell
+            ++emit->n_cell;
+        }
+    }
+
+    #if MICROPY_PERSISTENT_CODE
+    assert(emit->pass <= MP_PASS_STACK_SIZE || (emit->ct_num_obj == emit->ct_cur_obj));
+    emit->ct_num_obj = emit->ct_cur_obj;
+    #endif
+
+    if (emit->pass == MP_PASS_CODE_SIZE) {
+        #if !MICROPY_PERSISTENT_CODE
+        // so bytecode is aligned
+        emit->code_info_offset = (size_t)MP_ALIGN(emit->code_info_offset, sizeof(mp_uint_t));
+        #endif
+
+        // calculate size of total code-info + bytecode, in bytes
+        emit->code_info_size = emit->code_info_offset;
+        emit->bytecode_size = emit->bytecode_offset;
+        emit->code_base = m_new0(byte, emit->code_info_size + emit->bytecode_size);
+
+        #if MICROPY_PERSISTENT_CODE
+        emit->const_table = m_new0(mp_uint_t,
+            emit->scope->num_pos_args + emit->scope->num_kwonly_args
+            + emit->ct_cur_obj + emit->ct_cur_raw_code);
+        #else
+        emit->const_table = m_new0(mp_uint_t,
+            emit->scope->num_pos_args + emit->scope->num_kwonly_args);
+        #endif
+
+    } else if (emit->pass == MP_PASS_EMIT) {
+        mp_emit_glue_assign_bytecode(emit->scope->raw_code, emit->code_base,
+            #if MICROPY_PERSISTENT_CODE_SAVE || MICROPY_DEBUG_PRINTERS
+            emit->code_info_size + emit->bytecode_size,
+            #endif
+            emit->const_table,
+            #if MICROPY_PERSISTENT_CODE_SAVE
+            emit->ct_cur_obj, emit->ct_cur_raw_code,
+            #endif
+            emit->scope->scope_flags);
+    }
+}
+
+bool mp_emit_bc_last_emit_was_return_value(emit_t *emit) {
+    return emit->last_emit_was_return_value;
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_adjust_stack_size(emit_t *emit, mp_int_t delta) {
+    if (emit->pass == MP_PASS_SCOPE) {
+        return;
+    }
+    assert((mp_int_t)emit->stack_size + delta >= 0);
+    emit->stack_size += delta;
+    if (emit->stack_size > emit->scope->stack_size) {
+        emit->scope->stack_size = emit->stack_size;
+    }
+    emit->last_emit_was_return_value = false;
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_set_source_line(emit_t *emit, mp_uint_t source_line) {
+    #if MICROPY_ENABLE_SOURCE_LINE
+    if (MP_STATE_VM(mp_optimise_value) >= 3) {
+        // If we compile with -O3, don't store line numbers.
+        return;
+    }
+    if (source_line > emit->last_source_line) {
+        mp_uint_t bytes_to_skip = emit->bytecode_offset - emit->last_source_line_offset;
+        mp_uint_t lines_to_skip = source_line - emit->last_source_line;
+        emit_write_code_info_bytes_lines(emit, bytes_to_skip, lines_to_skip);
+        emit->last_source_line_offset = emit->bytecode_offset;
+        emit->last_source_line = source_line;
+    }
+    #else
+    (void)emit;
+    (void)source_line;
+    #endif
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_label_assign(emit_t *emit, mp_uint_t l) {
+    mp_emit_bc_adjust_stack_size(emit, 0);
+    if (emit->pass == MP_PASS_SCOPE) {
+        return;
+    }
+    assert(l < emit->max_num_labels);
+    if (emit->pass < MP_PASS_EMIT) {
+        // assign label offset
+        assert(emit->label_offsets[l] == (mp_uint_t)-1);
+        emit->label_offsets[l] = emit->bytecode_offset;
+    } else {
+        // ensure label offset has not changed from MP_PASS_CODE_SIZE to MP_PASS_EMIT
+        assert(emit->label_offsets[l] == emit->bytecode_offset);
+    }
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_import(emit_t *emit, qstr qst, int kind) {
+    MP_STATIC_ASSERT(MP_BC_IMPORT_NAME + MP_EMIT_IMPORT_NAME == MP_BC_IMPORT_NAME);
+    MP_STATIC_ASSERT(MP_BC_IMPORT_NAME + MP_EMIT_IMPORT_FROM == MP_BC_IMPORT_FROM);
+    int stack_adj = kind == MP_EMIT_IMPORT_FROM ? 1 : -1;
+    if (kind == MP_EMIT_IMPORT_STAR) {
+        emit_write_bytecode_byte(emit, stack_adj, MP_BC_IMPORT_STAR);
+    } else {
+        emit_write_bytecode_byte_qstr(emit, stack_adj, MP_BC_IMPORT_NAME + kind, qst);
+    }
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_load_const_tok(emit_t *emit, mp_token_kind_t tok) {
+    MP_STATIC_ASSERT(MP_BC_LOAD_CONST_FALSE + (MP_TOKEN_KW_NONE - MP_TOKEN_KW_FALSE) == MP_BC_LOAD_CONST_NONE);
+    MP_STATIC_ASSERT(MP_BC_LOAD_CONST_FALSE + (MP_TOKEN_KW_TRUE - MP_TOKEN_KW_FALSE) == MP_BC_LOAD_CONST_TRUE);
+    if (tok == MP_TOKEN_ELLIPSIS) {
+        emit_write_bytecode_byte_obj(emit, 1, MP_BC_LOAD_CONST_OBJ, MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(&mp_const_ellipsis_obj));
+    } else {
+        emit_write_bytecode_byte(emit, 1, MP_BC_LOAD_CONST_FALSE + (tok - MP_TOKEN_KW_FALSE));
+    }
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_load_const_small_int(emit_t *emit, mp_int_t arg) {
+    if (-MP_BC_LOAD_CONST_SMALL_INT_MULTI_EXCESS <= arg
+        && arg < MP_BC_LOAD_CONST_SMALL_INT_MULTI_NUM - MP_BC_LOAD_CONST_SMALL_INT_MULTI_EXCESS) {
+        emit_write_bytecode_byte(emit, 1,
+            MP_BC_LOAD_CONST_SMALL_INT_MULTI + MP_BC_LOAD_CONST_SMALL_INT_MULTI_EXCESS + arg);
+    } else {
+        emit_write_bytecode_byte_int(emit, 1, MP_BC_LOAD_CONST_SMALL_INT, arg);
+    }
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_load_const_str(emit_t *emit, qstr qst) {
+    emit_write_bytecode_byte_qstr(emit, 1, MP_BC_LOAD_CONST_STRING, qst);
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_load_const_obj(emit_t *emit, mp_obj_t obj) {
+    emit_write_bytecode_byte_obj(emit, 1, MP_BC_LOAD_CONST_OBJ, obj);
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_load_null(emit_t *emit) {
+    emit_write_bytecode_byte(emit, 1, MP_BC_LOAD_NULL);
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_load_local(emit_t *emit, qstr qst, mp_uint_t local_num, int kind) {
+    MP_STATIC_ASSERT(MP_BC_LOAD_FAST_N + MP_EMIT_IDOP_LOCAL_FAST == MP_BC_LOAD_FAST_N);
+    MP_STATIC_ASSERT(MP_BC_LOAD_FAST_N + MP_EMIT_IDOP_LOCAL_DEREF == MP_BC_LOAD_DEREF);
+    (void)qst;
+    if (kind == MP_EMIT_IDOP_LOCAL_FAST && local_num <= 15) {
+        emit_write_bytecode_byte(emit, 1, MP_BC_LOAD_FAST_MULTI + local_num);
+    } else {
+        emit_write_bytecode_byte_uint(emit, 1, MP_BC_LOAD_FAST_N + kind, local_num);
+    }
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_load_global(emit_t *emit, qstr qst, int kind) {
+    MP_STATIC_ASSERT(MP_BC_LOAD_NAME + MP_EMIT_IDOP_GLOBAL_NAME == MP_BC_LOAD_NAME);
+    MP_STATIC_ASSERT(MP_BC_LOAD_NAME + MP_EMIT_IDOP_GLOBAL_GLOBAL == MP_BC_LOAD_GLOBAL);
+    (void)qst;
+    emit_write_bytecode_byte_qstr(emit, 1, MP_BC_LOAD_NAME + kind, qst);
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_load_method(emit_t *emit, qstr qst, bool is_super) {
+    int stack_adj = 1 - 2 * is_super;
+    emit_write_bytecode_byte_qstr(emit, stack_adj, is_super ? MP_BC_LOAD_SUPER_METHOD : MP_BC_LOAD_METHOD, qst);
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_load_build_class(emit_t *emit) {
+    emit_write_bytecode_byte(emit, 1, MP_BC_LOAD_BUILD_CLASS);
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_subscr(emit_t *emit, int kind) {
+    if (kind == MP_EMIT_SUBSCR_LOAD) {
+        emit_write_bytecode_byte(emit, -1, MP_BC_LOAD_SUBSCR);
+    } else {
+        if (kind == MP_EMIT_SUBSCR_DELETE) {
+            mp_emit_bc_load_null(emit);
+            mp_emit_bc_rot_three(emit);
+        }
+        emit_write_bytecode_byte(emit, -3, MP_BC_STORE_SUBSCR);
+    }
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_attr(emit_t *emit, qstr qst, int kind) {
+    if (kind == MP_EMIT_ATTR_LOAD) {
+        emit_write_bytecode_byte_qstr(emit, 0, MP_BC_LOAD_ATTR, qst);
+    } else {
+        if (kind == MP_EMIT_ATTR_DELETE) {
+            mp_emit_bc_load_null(emit);
+            mp_emit_bc_rot_two(emit);
+        }
+        emit_write_bytecode_byte_qstr(emit, -2, MP_BC_STORE_ATTR, qst);
+    }
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_store_local(emit_t *emit, qstr qst, mp_uint_t local_num, int kind) {
+    MP_STATIC_ASSERT(MP_BC_STORE_FAST_N + MP_EMIT_IDOP_LOCAL_FAST == MP_BC_STORE_FAST_N);
+    MP_STATIC_ASSERT(MP_BC_STORE_FAST_N + MP_EMIT_IDOP_LOCAL_DEREF == MP_BC_STORE_DEREF);
+    (void)qst;
+    if (kind == MP_EMIT_IDOP_LOCAL_FAST && local_num <= 15) {
+        emit_write_bytecode_byte(emit, -1, MP_BC_STORE_FAST_MULTI + local_num);
+    } else {
+        emit_write_bytecode_byte_uint(emit, -1, MP_BC_STORE_FAST_N + kind, local_num);
+    }
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_store_global(emit_t *emit, qstr qst, int kind) {
+    MP_STATIC_ASSERT(MP_BC_STORE_NAME + MP_EMIT_IDOP_GLOBAL_NAME == MP_BC_STORE_NAME);
+    MP_STATIC_ASSERT(MP_BC_STORE_NAME + MP_EMIT_IDOP_GLOBAL_GLOBAL == MP_BC_STORE_GLOBAL);
+    emit_write_bytecode_byte_qstr(emit, -1, MP_BC_STORE_NAME + kind, qst);
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_delete_local(emit_t *emit, qstr qst, mp_uint_t local_num, int kind) {
+    MP_STATIC_ASSERT(MP_BC_DELETE_FAST + MP_EMIT_IDOP_LOCAL_FAST == MP_BC_DELETE_FAST);
+    MP_STATIC_ASSERT(MP_BC_DELETE_FAST + MP_EMIT_IDOP_LOCAL_DEREF == MP_BC_DELETE_DEREF);
+    (void)qst;
+    emit_write_bytecode_byte_uint(emit, 0, MP_BC_DELETE_FAST + kind, local_num);
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_delete_global(emit_t *emit, qstr qst, int kind) {
+    MP_STATIC_ASSERT(MP_BC_DELETE_NAME + MP_EMIT_IDOP_GLOBAL_NAME == MP_BC_DELETE_NAME);
+    MP_STATIC_ASSERT(MP_BC_DELETE_NAME + MP_EMIT_IDOP_GLOBAL_GLOBAL == MP_BC_DELETE_GLOBAL);
+    emit_write_bytecode_byte_qstr(emit, 0, MP_BC_DELETE_NAME + kind, qst);
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_dup_top(emit_t *emit) {
+    emit_write_bytecode_byte(emit, 1, MP_BC_DUP_TOP);
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_dup_top_two(emit_t *emit) {
+    emit_write_bytecode_byte(emit, 2, MP_BC_DUP_TOP_TWO);
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_pop_top(emit_t *emit) {
+    emit_write_bytecode_byte(emit, -1, MP_BC_POP_TOP);
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_rot_two(emit_t *emit) {
+    emit_write_bytecode_byte(emit, 0, MP_BC_ROT_TWO);
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_rot_three(emit_t *emit) {
+    emit_write_bytecode_byte(emit, 0, MP_BC_ROT_THREE);
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_jump(emit_t *emit, mp_uint_t label) {
+    emit_write_bytecode_byte_signed_label(emit, 0, MP_BC_JUMP, label);
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_pop_jump_if(emit_t *emit, bool cond, mp_uint_t label) {
+    if (cond) {
+        emit_write_bytecode_byte_signed_label(emit, -1, MP_BC_POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE, label);
+    } else {
+        emit_write_bytecode_byte_signed_label(emit, -1, MP_BC_POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, label);
+    }
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_jump_if_or_pop(emit_t *emit, bool cond, mp_uint_t label) {
+    if (cond) {
+        emit_write_bytecode_byte_signed_label(emit, -1, MP_BC_JUMP_IF_TRUE_OR_POP, label);
+    } else {
+        emit_write_bytecode_byte_signed_label(emit, -1, MP_BC_JUMP_IF_FALSE_OR_POP, label);
+    }
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_unwind_jump(emit_t *emit, mp_uint_t label, mp_uint_t except_depth) {
+    if (except_depth == 0) {
+        if (label & MP_EMIT_BREAK_FROM_FOR) {
+            // need to pop the iterator if we are breaking out of a for loop
+            emit_write_bytecode_raw_byte(emit, MP_BC_POP_TOP);
+            // also pop the iter_buf
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < MP_OBJ_ITER_BUF_NSLOTS - 1; ++i) {
+                emit_write_bytecode_raw_byte(emit, MP_BC_POP_TOP);
+            }
+        }
+        emit_write_bytecode_byte_signed_label(emit, 0, MP_BC_JUMP, label & ~MP_EMIT_BREAK_FROM_FOR);
+    } else {
+        emit_write_bytecode_byte_signed_label(emit, 0, MP_BC_UNWIND_JUMP, label & ~MP_EMIT_BREAK_FROM_FOR);
+        emit_write_bytecode_raw_byte(emit, ((label & MP_EMIT_BREAK_FROM_FOR) ? 0x80 : 0) | except_depth);
+    }
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_setup_block(emit_t *emit, mp_uint_t label, int kind) {
+    MP_STATIC_ASSERT(MP_BC_SETUP_WITH + MP_EMIT_SETUP_BLOCK_WITH == MP_BC_SETUP_WITH);
+    MP_STATIC_ASSERT(MP_BC_SETUP_WITH + MP_EMIT_SETUP_BLOCK_EXCEPT == MP_BC_SETUP_EXCEPT);
+    MP_STATIC_ASSERT(MP_BC_SETUP_WITH + MP_EMIT_SETUP_BLOCK_FINALLY == MP_BC_SETUP_FINALLY);
+    // The SETUP_WITH opcode pops ctx_mgr from the top of the stack
+    // and then pushes 3 entries: __exit__, ctx_mgr, as_value.
+    int stack_adj = kind == MP_EMIT_SETUP_BLOCK_WITH ? 2 : 0;
+    emit_write_bytecode_byte_unsigned_label(emit, stack_adj, MP_BC_SETUP_WITH + kind, label);
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_with_cleanup(emit_t *emit, mp_uint_t label) {
+    mp_emit_bc_load_const_tok(emit, MP_TOKEN_KW_NONE);
+    mp_emit_bc_label_assign(emit, label);
+    // The +2 is to ensure we have enough stack space to call the __exit__ method
+    emit_write_bytecode_byte(emit, 2, MP_BC_WITH_CLEANUP);
+    // Cancel the +2 above, plus the +2 from mp_emit_bc_setup_block(MP_EMIT_SETUP_BLOCK_WITH)
+    mp_emit_bc_adjust_stack_size(emit, -4);
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_end_finally(emit_t *emit) {
+    emit_write_bytecode_byte(emit, -1, MP_BC_END_FINALLY);
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_get_iter(emit_t *emit, bool use_stack) {
+    int stack_adj = use_stack ? MP_OBJ_ITER_BUF_NSLOTS - 1 : 0;
+    emit_write_bytecode_byte(emit, stack_adj, use_stack ? MP_BC_GET_ITER_STACK : MP_BC_GET_ITER);
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_for_iter(emit_t *emit, mp_uint_t label) {
+    emit_write_bytecode_byte_unsigned_label(emit, 1, MP_BC_FOR_ITER, label);
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_for_iter_end(emit_t *emit) {
+    mp_emit_bc_adjust_stack_size(emit, -MP_OBJ_ITER_BUF_NSLOTS);
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_pop_except_jump(emit_t *emit, mp_uint_t label, bool within_exc_handler) {
+    (void)within_exc_handler;
+    emit_write_bytecode_byte_unsigned_label(emit, 0, MP_BC_POP_EXCEPT_JUMP, label);
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_unary_op(emit_t *emit, mp_unary_op_t op) {
+    emit_write_bytecode_byte(emit, 0, MP_BC_UNARY_OP_MULTI + op);
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_binary_op(emit_t *emit, mp_binary_op_t op) {
+    bool invert = false;
+    if (op == MP_BINARY_OP_NOT_IN) {
+        invert = true;
+        op = MP_BINARY_OP_IN;
+    } else if (op == MP_BINARY_OP_IS_NOT) {
+        invert = true;
+        op = MP_BINARY_OP_IS;
+    }
+    emit_write_bytecode_byte(emit, -1, MP_BC_BINARY_OP_MULTI + op);
+    if (invert) {
+        emit_write_bytecode_byte(emit, 0, MP_BC_UNARY_OP_MULTI + MP_UNARY_OP_NOT);
+    }
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_build(emit_t *emit, mp_uint_t n_args, int kind) {
+    MP_STATIC_ASSERT(MP_BC_BUILD_TUPLE + MP_EMIT_BUILD_TUPLE == MP_BC_BUILD_TUPLE);
+    MP_STATIC_ASSERT(MP_BC_BUILD_TUPLE + MP_EMIT_BUILD_LIST == MP_BC_BUILD_LIST);
+    MP_STATIC_ASSERT(MP_BC_BUILD_TUPLE + MP_EMIT_BUILD_MAP == MP_BC_BUILD_MAP);
+    MP_STATIC_ASSERT(MP_BC_BUILD_TUPLE + MP_EMIT_BUILD_SET == MP_BC_BUILD_SET);
+    MP_STATIC_ASSERT(MP_BC_BUILD_TUPLE + MP_EMIT_BUILD_SLICE == MP_BC_BUILD_SLICE);
+    int stack_adj = kind == MP_EMIT_BUILD_MAP ? 1 : 1 - n_args;
+    emit_write_bytecode_byte_uint(emit, stack_adj, MP_BC_BUILD_TUPLE + kind, n_args);
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_store_map(emit_t *emit) {
+    emit_write_bytecode_byte(emit, -2, MP_BC_STORE_MAP);
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_store_comp(emit_t *emit, scope_kind_t kind, mp_uint_t collection_stack_index) {
+    int t;
+    int n;
+    if (kind == SCOPE_LIST_COMP) {
+        n = 0;
+        t = 0;
+    } else if (!MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_SET || kind == SCOPE_DICT_COMP) {
+        n = 1;
+        t = 1;
+    } else if (MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_SET) {
+        n = 0;
+        t = 2;
+    }
+    // the lower 2 bits of the opcode argument indicate the collection type
+    emit_write_bytecode_byte_uint(emit, -1 - n, MP_BC_STORE_COMP, ((collection_stack_index + n) << 2) | t);
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_unpack_sequence(emit_t *emit, mp_uint_t n_args) {
+    emit_write_bytecode_byte_uint(emit, -1 + n_args, MP_BC_UNPACK_SEQUENCE, n_args);
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_unpack_ex(emit_t *emit, mp_uint_t n_left, mp_uint_t n_right) {
+    emit_write_bytecode_byte_uint(emit, -1 + n_left + n_right + 1, MP_BC_UNPACK_EX, n_left | (n_right << 8));
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_make_function(emit_t *emit, scope_t *scope, mp_uint_t n_pos_defaults, mp_uint_t n_kw_defaults) {
+    if (n_pos_defaults == 0 && n_kw_defaults == 0) {
+        emit_write_bytecode_byte_raw_code(emit, 1, MP_BC_MAKE_FUNCTION, scope->raw_code);
+    } else {
+        emit_write_bytecode_byte_raw_code(emit, -1, MP_BC_MAKE_FUNCTION_DEFARGS, scope->raw_code);
+    }
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_make_closure(emit_t *emit, scope_t *scope, mp_uint_t n_closed_over, mp_uint_t n_pos_defaults, mp_uint_t n_kw_defaults) {
+    if (n_pos_defaults == 0 && n_kw_defaults == 0) {
+        int stack_adj = -n_closed_over + 1;
+        emit_write_bytecode_byte_raw_code(emit, stack_adj, MP_BC_MAKE_CLOSURE, scope->raw_code);
+        emit_write_bytecode_raw_byte(emit, n_closed_over);
+    } else {
+        assert(n_closed_over <= 255);
+        int stack_adj = -2 - (mp_int_t)n_closed_over + 1;
+        emit_write_bytecode_byte_raw_code(emit, stack_adj, MP_BC_MAKE_CLOSURE_DEFARGS, scope->raw_code);
+        emit_write_bytecode_raw_byte(emit, n_closed_over);
+    }
+}
+
+STATIC void emit_bc_call_function_method_helper(emit_t *emit, int stack_adj, mp_uint_t bytecode_base, mp_uint_t n_positional, mp_uint_t n_keyword, mp_uint_t star_flags) {
+    if (star_flags) {
+        stack_adj -= (int)n_positional + 2 * (int)n_keyword + 2;
+        emit_write_bytecode_byte_uint(emit, stack_adj, bytecode_base + 1, (n_keyword << 8) | n_positional); // TODO make it 2 separate uints?
+    } else {
+        stack_adj -= (int)n_positional + 2 * (int)n_keyword;
+        emit_write_bytecode_byte_uint(emit, stack_adj, bytecode_base, (n_keyword << 8) | n_positional); // TODO make it 2 separate uints?
+    }
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_call_function(emit_t *emit, mp_uint_t n_positional, mp_uint_t n_keyword, mp_uint_t star_flags) {
+    emit_bc_call_function_method_helper(emit, 0, MP_BC_CALL_FUNCTION, n_positional, n_keyword, star_flags);
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_call_method(emit_t *emit, mp_uint_t n_positional, mp_uint_t n_keyword, mp_uint_t star_flags) {
+    emit_bc_call_function_method_helper(emit, -1, MP_BC_CALL_METHOD, n_positional, n_keyword, star_flags);
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_return_value(emit_t *emit) {
+    emit_write_bytecode_byte(emit, -1, MP_BC_RETURN_VALUE);
+    emit->last_emit_was_return_value = true;
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_raise_varargs(emit_t *emit, mp_uint_t n_args) {
+    MP_STATIC_ASSERT(MP_BC_RAISE_LAST + 1 == MP_BC_RAISE_OBJ);
+    MP_STATIC_ASSERT(MP_BC_RAISE_LAST + 2 == MP_BC_RAISE_FROM);
+    assert(n_args <= 2);
+    emit_write_bytecode_byte(emit, -n_args, MP_BC_RAISE_LAST + n_args);
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_yield(emit_t *emit, int kind) {
+    MP_STATIC_ASSERT(MP_BC_YIELD_VALUE + 1 == MP_BC_YIELD_FROM);
+    emit_write_bytecode_byte(emit, -kind, MP_BC_YIELD_VALUE + kind);
+    emit->scope->scope_flags |= MP_SCOPE_FLAG_GENERATOR;
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_start_except_handler(emit_t *emit) {
+    mp_emit_bc_adjust_stack_size(emit, 4); // stack adjust for the exception instance, +3 for possible UNWIND_JUMP state
+}
+
+void mp_emit_bc_end_except_handler(emit_t *emit) {
+    mp_emit_bc_adjust_stack_size(emit, -3); // stack adjust
+}
+
+#if MICROPY_EMIT_NATIVE
+const emit_method_table_t emit_bc_method_table = {
+    #if MICROPY_DYNAMIC_COMPILER
+    NULL,
+    NULL,
+    #endif
+
+    mp_emit_bc_start_pass,
+    mp_emit_bc_end_pass,
+    mp_emit_bc_last_emit_was_return_value,
+    mp_emit_bc_adjust_stack_size,
+    mp_emit_bc_set_source_line,
+
+    {
+        mp_emit_bc_load_local,
+        mp_emit_bc_load_global,
+    },
+    {
+        mp_emit_bc_store_local,
+        mp_emit_bc_store_global,
+    },
+    {
+        mp_emit_bc_delete_local,
+        mp_emit_bc_delete_global,
+    },
+
+    mp_emit_bc_label_assign,
+    mp_emit_bc_import,
+    mp_emit_bc_load_const_tok,
+    mp_emit_bc_load_const_small_int,
+    mp_emit_bc_load_const_str,
+    mp_emit_bc_load_const_obj,
+    mp_emit_bc_load_null,
+    mp_emit_bc_load_method,
+    mp_emit_bc_load_build_class,
+    mp_emit_bc_subscr,
+    mp_emit_bc_attr,
+    mp_emit_bc_dup_top,
+    mp_emit_bc_dup_top_two,
+    mp_emit_bc_pop_top,
+    mp_emit_bc_rot_two,
+    mp_emit_bc_rot_three,
+    mp_emit_bc_jump,
+    mp_emit_bc_pop_jump_if,
+    mp_emit_bc_jump_if_or_pop,
+    mp_emit_bc_unwind_jump,
+    mp_emit_bc_setup_block,
+    mp_emit_bc_with_cleanup,
+    mp_emit_bc_end_finally,
+    mp_emit_bc_get_iter,
+    mp_emit_bc_for_iter,
+    mp_emit_bc_for_iter_end,
+    mp_emit_bc_pop_except_jump,
+    mp_emit_bc_unary_op,
+    mp_emit_bc_binary_op,
+    mp_emit_bc_build,
+    mp_emit_bc_store_map,
+    mp_emit_bc_store_comp,
+    mp_emit_bc_unpack_sequence,
+    mp_emit_bc_unpack_ex,
+    mp_emit_bc_make_function,
+    mp_emit_bc_make_closure,
+    mp_emit_bc_call_function,
+    mp_emit_bc_call_method,
+    mp_emit_bc_return_value,
+    mp_emit_bc_raise_varargs,
+    mp_emit_bc_yield,
+
+    mp_emit_bc_start_except_handler,
+    mp_emit_bc_end_except_handler,
+};
+#else
+const mp_emit_method_table_id_ops_t mp_emit_bc_method_table_load_id_ops = {
+    mp_emit_bc_load_local,
+    mp_emit_bc_load_global,
+};
+
+const mp_emit_method_table_id_ops_t mp_emit_bc_method_table_store_id_ops = {
+    mp_emit_bc_store_local,
+    mp_emit_bc_store_global,
+};
+
+const mp_emit_method_table_id_ops_t mp_emit_bc_method_table_delete_id_ops = {
+    mp_emit_bc_delete_local,
+    mp_emit_bc_delete_global,
+};
+#endif
+
+#endif // MICROPY_ENABLE_COMPILER